You can use the Get-MessageTrackingLog cmdlet in the Exchange Management Shell to analyze mail flow, message forensics and to get different information about messages sent or received by a specific mailbox in your email organization. In this post, I will show several examples of PowerShell one-liner commands which I often use to track messages on Exchange Server 2016/2013/2010 and Office 365 (Exchange Online).
Let me remind you that the Exchange transport logs are located in the %ExchangeInstallPath%\TransportRoles\Logs\MessageTracking folder. And the most efficient and flexible way to analyze message tracking logs in the Exchange is to use the Get-MessageTrackingLog cmdlet.
First of all, consider the Get-MessageTrackingLog parameters that you can use to filter events in the logs. The following cmdlet parameters are used the most often:
- Sender – search by sender;
- Recipients — search by recipient;
- Server – search on the specific transport server;
- Start “11/30/2019 08:00:00” -End “12/18/2019 21:00:00” — search for the specific period of time;
- MessageSubject — search by message subject;
- EventID – search by Exchange event (as a rule, the following codes are used: RECEIVE, SEND, FAIL, DSN, DELIVER, BADMAIL, RESOLVE, EXPAND, REDIRECT, TRANSFER, SUBMIT, POISONMESSAGE, DEFER);
- messageID – track by a message ID.
If you run the Get-MessageTrackingLog cmdlet without any parameters, all events from the Exchange transport logs for the last 30 days will be displayed. The cmdlet displays the last 1,000 events only. To remove this restriction, use the –ResultSize Unlimited parameter. (It is not recommended to do it without some additional filter parameters due to potentially high load on your transport server.)
You can display the information about your Exchange events page-by-page using this command:
Get-MessageTrackingLog | Out-Host –Paging
To display the data in the table format and adjust the column width, the Format-Table cmdlet is used:
Get-MessageTrackingLog | Format-Table –AutoSize
If several Hub Transport servers is used in your Exchange organization, you will need to specify the name of a server to search as an argument of the –Server parameter . Or run the message tracking command for each of your Hub Transport servers with the pipe:
Get-TransportServer | Get-MessageTrackingLog
Let’s display all emails for the last 24 hours ((Get-Date).AddHours(-24)), in which a recipient from @gmail.com domain is specified:
Get-MessageTrackingLog -Start (Get-Date).AddHours(-24) -ResultSize unlimited | where {[string]$_.recipients -like "*@gmail.com"}
To display all emails sent by a specific user through the certain server in a given period of time use the command below (only the specific tracking fields will be displayed in the report):
Get-MessageTrackingLog -ResultSize unlimited –Sender "[email protected]” –server contoso-hub-01 -Start "11/30/2019 06:00:00" -End "12/13/2019 22:00:00" |select-object Timestamp,Sender,Recipients,MessageSubject,EventId|ft
Let’s find all emails sent by a user to another one and export the search results into a CSV file:
Get-MessageTrackingLog -Sender "[email protected]" -Recipients "[email protected]" -ResultSize unlimited –server contoso-hub-01| Select-Object Timestamp,Sender,{$_.recipients},MessageSubject | Export-Csv -Path "C:\Export\exchange\exchange_tracking_logs.csv" -Encoding Default -Delimiter ";"
You can search by the message subject. To display all emails with “test” word in the subject field, run the following command. (To display the results in a separate graphic window as a table with the convenient sorting, filtering and search features, you can use the Out-gridview cmdlet.)
Get-MessageTrackingLog -MessageSubject "test" -ResultSize unlimited –server contoso-hub-01| Select-Object Timestamp,Sender, {$_.recipients}, MessageSubject | out-gridview
You can search by the specific message ID (you can get it from the message header in Outlook):
Get-MessageTrackingLog -messageID "41A4321C3543314FFFFF23122F2BDB7ABD00342@contoso-hub-01.contoso.com" -ResultSize unlimited –server contoso-hub-01| Select-Object Timestamp,Sender, {$_.recipients}, MessageSubject
To count the number of incoming email messages for the specific mailbox for the last 7 days, run the following command:
(Get-MessageTrackingLog -EventID "RECEIVE" -Recipients "[email protected]" -ResultSize unlimited).Count
You can display the more insteresing message statistics. For example, you want to see how many emails from different senders from the gmail.com have been received by users of your company during the last 5 days (we will display the total number of emails sent by each external sender):
Get-MessageTrackingLog -EventId "Receive" -Start (Get-Date).AddDays(-5) -ResultSize Unlimited | Where-Object {$_.Sender -like "*@gmail.com"} | Group-Object Sender | Sort-Object Count -Descending | Format-Table *
To find emails stored in the Exchange user mailboxes, use the Search-Mailbox cmdlet.
Office 365 allows you to perform message tracking logs search from the Exchange Admin Center (EAC). Go to the Mail Flow -> Message Trace. Fill in the search fields. This is actually the web interface for the Get-MessageTrackingLog cmdlet, which allows the user to generate PowerShell tracking command in a simple web form.
The methods considered above will help you to get the statistics on the sent and received messages in your Exchange system and diagnose different email transport problems.
